Aeroplane.



J. W. BAKER.

' AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 1912.

Patented June 3; 1913.

J. WJBAKER.

l ABROPLANE.

APPLIUATION FILED JUNE 12, 1912. 1,063,315., Patented June 3,1913.

FIGeE FIGeB J. W. BAKER.

AEROPLANE. APITLIOATION FILED JUNE l2, 1912.

1,068,315.; l Y Patented'June 3,1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES INVENTOR www www

J. W. BAKER.

,AEROPLANR APPLICATION FILED JUNE 12, 1912.

1,063,315, .Patented June 3, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

` www@ WM A N J. W. BAKER. ABROPLANE. APPLIOATION FILED JUNE 12, 1912.

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Patented June 3, 1913.-

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i y @l J. W. BAKER. AEROPLANE. LPPLIoATIoN FILED JUNE 12, 1912.

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WITNESSES Patented June 8, 1913.

:maar w. raras, or Musso" AERQPLME,

Patented lune 3, ilgil..

Applietiii filed :ruse 12', 1912. serial N. 'ao.

plane which may e easily and readily op'y erated and controlled in its various necessary movements, be simple in construction,

light in weight, strong, durable, and of as few parts as possible.

With the above objects in View, the in vention consists in certain novel features of construction, arrangement, and in certain parts and combination of parts, as will be hereinafter more fully described and then pointed out in the appended claim-s.

One embodiment of my invention is illustrate'd in the accompanying drawings, form- 'inga part of this speclcation, wherein the main detail parts are each given an individual numeral and referred to by such in the specifcatiomthe various views given in the drawings being as follows:

Figure l is a plan of the complete monoplane. Fig. 2A isa side elevation thereof. Fig. 3 is a perspective of a portion of the supporting plan-e and flexible wing eXtension, enlarged. Fig. 4 is a partial side elevation of the forward part of the aeroplane, enlarged and partly in section. Fi 5' is a plan thereof, partly in section. a front elevation thereof, partly in section.- Fig. is a diagram of the steering rudders and operating mechanism.

The struct-ure shown, comprises a lightly constructed skeleton body 1,.: of elongated form, covered with tightly drawn canvas or other suitable material, except that portion in front of theseat 2' which is left open, said body having its sidesy converging at its forward end and decreasing. in depth toward its rear.l

The rear end o f the body is provided with a vertically disposed stabilizer 3 fixed thereto, which i's of elliptic form in cross section and in the direction of flight, a wheel 4 being rotatively mounted within the lower end thereof, said stabilizer being further connected to the bod-y byguy wiresv 'rear of the body. Both of theaboye rnd- `ders, 3f and 6, are constructed of light skel`Y eton frames, coverd with canvas or other' suitable material.

To the underside of the forward end of the body l is pivot-ally secured, upon the vertically disposed bars secured thereto, a lpair of rudders 8, each of elliptic form in the direction of Hight and constructed of a light skeleton frame covered with canf" vasor other suitable material,- each of said rudders having a wheel 9 mounted within the lower end thereof and both connected, pivotall at their forward ends by a cross frame Il?) for maintaining them in parallel relation. l '.Extending transversely of and slightly above the body L is a supporting plane 1l having integral rearwardly extended flex-i- .ble wings i2, said plane being constructed of a rigid but light skeleton frame, of segmental shape in cross-section withthe dat; Atened side uppermost, covered with canvas or other suitable material and pivotally sefi cured, by brackets 13,- tot-he uprights -1 of l the body to permit of itsbeing inclined in the-direction of Hight. The rearwardly eX;-

tended wing portions of plane areeach ,formed of a thin flexible skeleton frame covered upon their undersides with tightly drawn canvas or other sl'iitable mate-rial.` is 6 is y Ipivotal brackets 13, is fixed a pair @f up- Irights 14 extending down each! side of the' To' the supporting plane 1 1, adjacentthe ody and connectedv at their lower ends by a bar 1'5, the u per ends of said nprig-lits beilng. connecte y a cross-piece 1-6, which nprightsare rfurther securedto the supporting plane by the downwardly extendedbraces 17 and the upwardly extended braces 18, said uprights being providedv with a pair of l transversely disposed slide bars' 19 at al point slightly above' the supporting. plane.I

To more rigidly secure the supporting vplane to the uprights, guy wires 20 are exe tended outwardly from the upper' ends of the uprights down to and connect with the upper side of the plane, and like guy wires 2l extend outwardly from the lower ends' of the uprights up to and connect with the underside of the plane.

For adjusting the supporting plane and integral rearwardly extended wings, upon its pivotals in the direction of Hight, a pair of belts 22 are connected to the upper ends of the uprights and the forward end or edge of the plane, one at each side, each belt passing over a pulley 23 mounted upon the forward end of the body and thence over a similar pulley 24 upon the shaft 25 which extends through the body in front of the seat 2, a hand Wheel 26 being mounted upon said shaft vfor controlling the adjustment.

The flexible wing extensions of the supporting plane are adapted to be flexed or concaved,` when desired, in a transversev direction, as shown in Fig. 3, the mechanism` for accomplishing the same comprising a plurality of draw wires 27 for each wing, each of said wires being connected to and extending from the rear edge of the wing underneath, across, through an eye in the lower end of the pin 28 fixed to the plane, up over the forward edge of the plane, through an eye in the upper end of said pm, and thence in a direction toward and through an opening 29 in the upright, the inner ends of all draw wires from one wing extension being connected to one side of the drum 30 and the inner ends of alldraw wires from the other wing extension being connected to the opposite side of said drum, as shown at Figs. 4 and 6. This drum is adapted to'be rotated, to draw or slacken the w1res, as desired, by means of a hand lever 31 fixed. to the upper end of the d rum shaft 32 which passes up through the slide head 33, a ratchet Wheel 34 being also fixed to the drum shaft and normally engaged by a lever 35 pivotally secured to the slide head to secure the drum in adjusted position.

The flexing orconcaving of either wing extension and the flattening of the other, or the increasing of the fleXity in one and decreasing thereof in the other, for balancing of the aeroplane, isarovided,the means for so doing comprising a drum 36 having a Wire 37 wound thereupon, the ends of which wire pass up and over the pulleys 38, mounted upon the slide bars 19` and connect with the slide head 33, the rot-ation of which drum will adjust the slide head to slaclen up the draw wires of one wing and tighten up't-he draw wires of the other. The drum 36 has its shaft 39 mounted to a' strap 40, secured to one of the slide bars 19 and to the underside of the supporting plane 11, and to a vertically disposed pin 41 extending through said strap, rotative adjustment of the drum being effected by means of a hand wheel 42, the shaft 43 thereof being mounted to a strap 44 pivotally attached to the in 4l, said hand Wheel shaft being provide with a beveled gear pinion45 meshing with the beveled gear Wheel 46, loosely mounted upon the pin 41, which gear wheel meshes with a `beveled gear pinion 47 'fixed to the drum shaft.

The adjustment of the steering rudders 8, upon their pivotals 7, is effected by lateral movement of the steering wheel shaft 43 and strap bearin 44 upon the pivotal pin 41, by means of t e two wires 48, each connected at one end to a-pin 49 on one of the rudders, and at its opposite end to a winged collar 49 loosely mounted upon the hand Wheel shaft 43. Each of these wires pass from the rudder, across the body to and about a pulley 50 fixed thereto, thence about and over the pulleys 51 and 52, fixed to the body, thence over and down about the pulley 53, mounted upon the frame 54 secured to the strap 40 and the underside of the supporting plane, and then over about the pulley 55, also mounted to said frame 54, to the winged collar upon the steering wheel shaft.'

A suitable propeller 56 is mounted upon a shaft 57 at the forward end of the body the shown.

rests upon the forward wheels 9 and rear wheel 4, and when it is desired to ascend the operator unlocks the drum 36, bydisengaging the pivoted lever 35 with the ratchetV wheel 34, and adjusts t-he hand crank 31 so as to adjust said drum upon its axis and wind the draw Wires 27 of each Wingthereupon sufficient to place the desired flexity .or concaving upon the wing extensions for the air to act thereupon and effect a lifting during ascent. The operator then starts the propeller rotating, takes hold of the'hand wheel 26 and adjusts it so as to adjust the l1fting plane and attending wings upon its pivotal connect-ion, as indicated by the that as the machine is propelled forward' it leaves the ground and is elevated by the action of the air upon the undersidev of the supporting plane and wing extensions, the elevation attained, within a given distance, depending upon the inclination. given the plane and wings with respect to the body 1.

Should the machine loose its balance, from any cause, on either side, asv for instance, if the dip be on the right side, the operator increases the exity or concavity of the cavity on the left wing, by turning the steering wheel 42alittle to the left, causing the .tion and, through the medium of the wire 37, adjust the slide head (with its locked drum 30) to the left, thus slackening up the .draw wires 27 of the left wing, to reduce the warping, and tightening up those upon the right wmg, increasing the warping on the means for rotating the same not being ere In practice, the aeroplane before `starting dotted line A-A iIiFig. 4, With the result right wing and decreases the iexty or con drum 36 to be rotated in an opposite direcright wing, or causing the left wing to become wholly flattened and the right wing flexed, in accordance to how far the steering Wheel be adjusted upon its axis, thus causing the air to exert a greater pressure upon the underside of the right wing than upon the left wing, and as the balance is again being established the flexity is gradually decreased in the right wing and restablished inthe left wing, by'turning t-lie steering wheel in the opposite direction,jwith a consequent return of t-he slide head, until the ilexity in both wings are equal and the balance is fully established.

When it is desired to turn, the rudders 8 are adjusted upon their pivotal bars 7 in accordance 'to the direction desired, as for instance, if'it be desired to turn to the rightl` y as indicatedby the position shown by dotted lines in Fig. 7 the operator adjusts the hand steering Wheel 42, and attending parts, in a lateral direction, toward the right, upon the pivotal pin 4l, as shown in said Fig. 7, which movement of the steering wheel exerts a pulling force upon the Wire 48 connected to' the rudder on the right, and as both rudders are connected by the cross-frame l0, they will both move, upon their pivotals, `in

unison and in parallel relation, the space within which the turn be made depending upon the movement given to the 'steering Wheel.

In traveling ata high speed, t-he drum 30 is unlocked, by disengaging the hand lever 35 from the ratchet wheel 34, and turned by the crank 31, so as to slacken up the draw wires 27 of the wings, causing said wings to become flattened so as to reduce the resistance of' the air-acting thereon.

To descend, the supporting plane is adjustably inclined `upon its pivotals, by exerting an upward pressure upon the steering wheel 42 of the mechanism carried thereby, tocause the plane to dip downward, as shown by dotted line 'Bf-B, in Fig. 4, and permit the air to exert its pressure upon the upper side of the plane and-its wing extensions.

During flight, the rear stabilizer 3 serves to maintain a balance at the rear of the body, and the stabilizer 6 serves to support the body in a horizontal position.

Various changes may be made in the detail parts ofthe structure and be within the limits of the appended claims.

Having thus shown and described an embodiment of my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In a monoplane, an elongated body, a transversely disposedsupporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and terminating at each side of the body in a rearwardly.

operatingsaid .dra-wwires for flexing either l wing. j 4

3. Ina monoplaiie, an elongated body provided with stabilizers at its rear, a trans versely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereuponand terminating at each side of the body .in a rearwardly flexible Wing, adapted to -be inclined upon its pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling thev .inclination of said plane, means for flexing the flexible wings of the plane transversely` to the direction of flight, vertically disposed steering rudders of elliptic form in cross-section each pivotally mounted beneath and to the forward end of the body, and means for adjusting said steering rudders upon their pivo-tals.

4. In a monoplane, an elongated body pro* vided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and terminating at each side of the body in arearwardlyqlexible wing, adapted to be inclined'upon its pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling the. inclination Aof said plane, means for flexing either of' the flexible wings of the plane transversely -to the direction of flight, vertically disposed steering rudders of elliptic form in cross-section each pivotally mounted beneath and to the forward end of the body, and means for adjusting ysaid steering rudders upon their pivotals.

5. In a monoplaiie, an elongated body provided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed support-ing plane pivotally mounted thereupon andfterminatiiig at each side of the body in a rearwardly extended flexible wing, adapted to be inclined upon its pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling the inclination of said plane, a pluralityV of draw Wires connected to each wing for flexing the same, means for operating said draw Wires, vertically disposed steering rudders of elliptic form in crosssection each pivotally mounted beneath and to the forward end of the body, and means for adjusting said steering rudders upon their pivotals.

6. Ina monoplane, an elongated body provided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and terminating at each side of the body in a rearwardly extended flexible wing, adapted to be inclined upon its pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling the inclination of said plane, a plurality of draw wires connected to each wing for flexing the same, means for operating the Wires to flex either of said Wings, vertically disposed steering rudders of elliptic form in cross-section each pivotally mo-unted beneath and to the forward end of the body, and means for adjusting said steering rudders upon their pivot-als.

.7. In a monoplane, an elongated body provided at its rear with a vertically disposed stabilizer and with a horizontally disposed stabilizer, both xed thereto and of elliptic form 1n cross-section, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and terminating at each side of the body in a rearwardly extended flexible wing, adapted to be inclined upon its pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling the inclination of Said plane, a plurality of' draw wires connected to each wing for flexingthe same, means for operating the ,draw

wires, vertically disposed steering rudders' of elliptic form in cross-section each pivotally mounted beneath and to the .forward end of the body, and means for adjusting said steering rudders upon their pivotals.

8. .In a monoplane, an elongated body provided at its rear with a vertically disposed stabilizer and with a horizontally disposed stabilizer, both fixed thereto and of elliptic form in cross-section, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and terminating at each side of the. body in a rearwardly extended flexible wing, adapted to be inclined upon tS pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling Ithe inclination of said plane, a plurality of draw wires connected to each wing for flexing the same, means for operating the draw wires of either Wing to flex the saine, vertically disposed steering rudders of elliptic form in cross-section each pivotally mounted beneath and to the forward end of the body, and means for adjusting the steering rudders upo-n their pivotals.

9. In a monoplane, an elongated body,

. provided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and terminating at each side'of the body in a rearwardly extended tlexiblewing, adapted tovbe inclined in the direction of flight upon its pivotals, means for controlling the inclination of said plane, a plurality of draw wires connected toeach Wing for flexing the same, means for operating said wires, vertically disposed steering rudders each pivotally arranged at the forward end of said body, and means for adjusting said steering rudders upon their pivotals.

10. In a monoplane, an elongated body provided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed supporting planepivotally mounted thereupon and terminating at each side of the body in a rearwardly extended flexible wing, adapted to be inclined upon its pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling the inclination of said plane, a plurality of draw wires co1inected to each wing forvflexing the same, means for operating said Wires, steering rudders at the forward end of said body, and nie'ans for ad-y justing said rudders.

l1. In 4a monoplane, an elongated body provided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and terminating at each side of the body in a rearwardly flexible wing, adapted to be adjustably inclinedv upon its pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling the inclination of said plane, a plurality of spaced draw wires connected to the rear edge of eachwing for flexing the same, means for operating said wires, means for adjusting the Wire operating means to increase or'decrease the flexity of either wing, steering rudders carried by said body, and means for operating said rudders.

l2. In a monoplane, an elongated body provided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupo-n and terminating at each side of the body in a rearwardly disposed flexible wing, adapted to be adjustably inclined upon its pivotals in the direction'of 100 flight, means for controlling the inclination of said plane, a drum, a plurality of spaced draw Wires connecting the rear edge of each wing extension with said drum for flexing said extensions, steering-rudders carried by said body, and means for operating said rudders.

13. In a monoplane, an elongated body provided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and adapted to be adjustably inclined upon its pivotals .in the direction of flight., means for control-ling the inclination of said plane, a drum, a plu- -rality of spaced draw Wires extending tliere- 11.5

from and connecting the rear edge of said planefor flexing the. same transversely, means for adjusting said drum longitudinally of the plane, l.steering rudders carried by said body, and means for operating said 12 rudders.

14. In a monoplane, an elongated body rprovided with stabilizers at its rear, a transversely disposed supporting plane pivotally mounted thereupon and adapted to be adjustably inclined upon its pivotals in the direction of flight, means for controlling Athe inclination of said plane, a drum, a plurality of spacedl draw` wires'extending therefrom and connecting the rear" edge of said plane.

for flexing the same transversely, means for In testimony whereof, I have hereunfo locking said drum agalnst rotation, means Signed my name 1n the presence of two subfor adjusting the same longitudinally of the sorlbmg Wltnesses.

plane, steering rudders carried by said body, ESSE W. BAKER. 5 and means connecting said rudders with the In the presence of longitudinal adjusting means of the drum R. S. HARRISON,

for adjusting said rudders. y A. F. ALLEWELT. 

